“What Is to Be Done?”
by
Jean-Luc Godard
Translation by Mo Tietelbaum
First published in English and French in Afterimage, 1970
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We must make political films.
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We must make films politically.
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1 and 2 are antagonistic to each other and belong to two opposing conceptions of the world.
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1 belongs to the idealistic and metaphysical conception of the world.
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2 belongs to the Marxist and dialectical conception of the world.
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Marxism struggles against idealism and the dialectical against the metaphysical.
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This struggle is the struggle between the old and the new, between new ideas and old ones.
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The social existence of men determines their thought.
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The struggle between the old and the new is the struggle between classes.
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To carry out 1 is to remain a being of the bourgeois class.
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To carry out 2 is to take up the proletarian class position.
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To carry out 1 is to make descriptions of situations.
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To carry out 2 is to make concrete analysis of a concrete situation.
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To carry out 1 is to make British Sounds.
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To carry out 2 is to struggle for the showing of British Sounds on English television.
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To carry out 1 is to understand the laws of the objective world in order to explain that world.
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To carry out 2 is to understand the laws of the objective worlds in order to actively transform that world.
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To carry out 1 is to describe the wretchedness of the world.
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To carry out 2 is to show people in struggle.
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To carry out 2 is to destroy 1 with the weapons of criticism and self-criticism.
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To carry out 1 is to give a complete view of events in the name of truth in itself.
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To carry out 2 is not to fabricate over-complete images of the world in the name of relative truth.
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To carry out 1 is to say how things are real. (Brecht)
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To carry out 2 is to say how things really are. (Brecht)
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To carry out 2 is to edit a film before shooting it, to make it during filming and to make it after the filming. (Dziga Vertov)
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To carry out 1 is to distribute a film before producing it.
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To carry out 2 is to produce a film before distributing it, to learn to produce it following the principle that: it is production which commands distribution, it is politics which commends economy.
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To carry out 1 is to film students who write: Unity—Students—Workers.
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